English+Work

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____Canada____
Canada is a country extending from the Atlantic Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean. Canada is Land brothers with the United States to the south and northwest. Canada is the world’s second largest country by total area. The total land and sea area of the country is 9 922 330 km2. Inhabitants; 25,4 Millions (1985). The capitol of the country is Ottawa, described later. The country is divided into 10 Provinces and two Territories. The main languages of the country are English and French. National-holiday is the 1st of July. The currency that is used is the Canadian Dollar. Canada is a parliamentary monarchy of the British Commonwealth. The Constitution of the 17th of April 1982 replaces the British North American Act from 1867. Through this new Constitution Canada can in political manners decide independent. The British Queen is more of a symbolic character. == Europeans first arrived when the Vikings, Leif Eriksson, settled, around year 1000. Canada’s Atlantic coast was further explored by John Cabot in 1497 for England, and Jacques Cartier in 1534 for France. The history of Canada has evolved from a group of European colonies into an officially bilingual (English and French), multicultural federation, having peacefully obtained sovereignty from its last colonial possessor, the United Kingdom. France sent the first large group of settlers in the 17th century, but Canada came to be dominated by the British until the country attained full independence in the 20th century. Its history has been affected by its inhabitants, its geography, and its relations with the outside world. The five most widely-spoken non-official languages are Chinese (the home language of 2.6% of Canadians), Punjabi (0.8%), Spanish (0.7%), Italian (0.6%), and Arabic (0.5%). Aboriginal languages, many of which are unique to Canada, are spoken by less than one percent of the population, and are mostly in decline.
 * __Introduction:__**
 * __History & Languages of Canada;__**

The name Canada comes from St. Lawrence Iroquoian word Kanata, The meaning is “village” or “settlement”. By 1545, European books and maps began referring to this region as Canada. The French colony of Canada referred to the part of New France along the Saint Lawrence River and the northern shores of the Great Lakes. Later, it was split into two British colonies, called Upper Canada and Lower Canada until their union as the British Province Canada in 1841. Upon confederation in 1867, the name Canada was adopted for the entire country.
 * __Origin of the name Canada__**__:__

__**The Capitol in Canada is Ottawa.**__ Ottawa is with a metropolitan population estimated at 1,190,982 Million. Ottawa is located in the Ottawa Valley in the eastern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa lies on the banks of the Ottawa River.

Toronto, is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth-most populous municipality in North America. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely-populated region in south-central Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe which is home to 8.1 million residents.
 * __The largest town in Canada is Toronto.__**

As Canada's economic capital, Toronto is considered a global city and is one of the top financial cities in the world. The Toronto Stock Exchange, the world's seventh largest, is headquartered in the city, along with a majority of Canada's corporations.



Toronto's population is cosmopolitan and international, reflecting its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, as about 49 percent of the population was born outside of Canada. Because of the city's low crime rates, clean environment, generally high standard of living, and friendlier attitudes to diversity; Toronto is consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey. In addition, Toronto was ranked as the most expensive Canadian city in which to live in 2006.

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 * __Similarities between Canada and England__**


 * __Language;__**

Firstly is of course the common language English. Although a lot of the population also speaks French.

Secondly; the education, both, in Great Britain and Canada has a long history, and since, Canada is part of the Commonwealth of Nations; Britain had great influence upon Canada and in particular upon its educational system. That is why both systems resemble so much. In Great Britain and Canada education is a public concern. Under the Canadian Constitutional Act the organization and administration of public education are provincial responsibilities. The responsibility for education in England rests on the secretary of state for education. The secretaries for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are responsible for pre-university education in their countries. Primary and secondary education is local responsibility. In the UK primary education is free and compulsory from age five to eleven. Elementary education in Canada is also free.
 * __Education__**

thirdly; Canada’s legal system derives from various European systems brought to this continent in the 17th and 18th centuries by explorers and colonists. Although the indigenous peoples whom the Europeans encountered here each had their own system of laws and social controls, over the years the laws of the immigrant cultures became dominant. After the Battle of Quebec in 1759, the country fell almost exclusively under English law. Except for Quebec, where the civil law is based on the French Code Napoleon, Canada’s criminal and civil law has its basis in English common and statutory law. The common law, which developed in Great Britain after the Norman Conquest, was based on the decisions of judges in the royal courts. It evolved into a system of rules based on “precedent” .Whenever a judge makes a decision that is to be legally enforced, this decision becomes a precedent: a rule that will guide judges in making subsequent decisions in similar cases. The common law is unique because it cannot be found in any code or body of legislation, but exists only in past decisions. At the same time, common law is flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances.
 * __Legal Systems__**

Canada has approximately the same system of government as England. It is a monarchy, and a part of the British Commonwealth. The Constitution of (1982), regulates that the General Governor, represents the Queen. In the upper House and the House of Commons (Canadian Government). New election is being held every fifth year, due to the Canadian constitution, as with all the other members of the British Commonwealth as well.
 * __Political System;__**

Due to the same religion pattern, Christianity, (catholic and protestants) the two countries Canada and England have the same celebration days and same habits, songs, food, which are representative for Christian population and different to like the Islam world. This means that the Canadians and the British are celebrating Christmas, and eastern etc. more or less in the same manner.
 * __Religion and tradition;__**

The most popular way of doing sports in Canada is Ice hockey; this is different to England, perhaps due to different weather conditions. It is much warmer in England, and pretty much colder in Canada. The way of playing Ice hockey, started outside on the lakes that are very many in Canada in contrast to England. England is more known for its abilities to play soccer. Canada is more known to produce international professional Hockey players, who represent the country in the national team and in other international professional teams.
 * __Sports;__**

So the final end of this story is to say some few words about the weather Climate. The weather in Canada is mainly dominated with cold winters and warm hot summers. This is different to England which has more warm winters and rather cold summers. Canada is also as mentioned much larger than England. The northern Part of Canada is extended in to the Arctic and of course the weather here is more of an arctic art. This of course is different to England which is situated on another Part of mother earth. In Canada (Pacific) and in England the ocean brings my Climate along the coasts.
 * __Weather Climate__**

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